The Poem Fisherman by Kurt Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Poem Fisherman by Kurt Brown - Essay Example From this examination obviously an entire life/lifetime would incorporate each action and this is the thing that the creator is investigating which he accepts to be spent ‘fishing in himself’ importance, investigating what is in him that is helpful. The angler isn't imagined angling in the stream or sea yet in’ himself’. This announcement in this manner proposes that ‘fishing’ is an allegory used to paint the demonstration of bringing out something significant from one’s self like abilities, aptitudes, ludicrous thoughts that could change the world or the cutting edge Einstein who could tackle all the issues in this PC age. The subsequent line finishes the idea of the creator that what the subject is angling in himself is ‘something grand’. What could be fantastic in an individual other than something that makes him catch everyone's eye? This announcement at that point fortifies the understanding that the man in the sonnet i s angling or investigating the potential outcomes of having some extraordinary abilities, gifts, even mentalities or encounters that could empower others or advantage them somehow or another as the man himself is profited for his own needs. That excellent thing the man is attempting to angle in himself is depicted in the following sentence as a ‘lost lunker, sufficiently large to break all records’. This line likewise affirms that the investigation on the sonnet is experiencing the correct way, that the stupendous thing being angled in an individual is something phenomenally enormous to be perceived as better than other men. ‘Rumors, legends, enormous guarantees of wonder’ could be accounts of accomplishments and supportive gestures of individuals around the globe, from various ages. This shows the character in the sonnet didn't actually observe achievers rather had quite recently found out about them with the goal that they are considered simply bits of go ssip, unwarranted and unproved. A few stories may even appear to be misrepresented and inconceivable with the goal that they are considered legends like the triumphs of Hercules and different saints of old. ‘Big guarantees of wonder’ could speak to consolations that express faith in an individual like the saying that goes ‘If others, why can’t I?’ Such persuades that for each individual, there is continually something exceptional that is sitting some place within him, holding on to be found and sustained. The ‘shadow of something tremendous obscuring the man’s life’ may be a representation of his questions and fears about what he has and what he can do. It is referenced that the man just felt this shadow and didn't see it. So often, men see with their emotions particularly with things that are as yet obscure and have not been attempted at this point and the greater part of these occasions, individuals are overpowered with the conc eivable outcomes of disappointment that is the reason they would prefer to go about with the ordinary exercises of men. At that point, the artist recommends that the shadow the man may have felt could be that of another fish’s, more prominent than his questions and fears. What could be frightful the man is the dread that he probably won't become as well known as someone else, as fruitful as his neighbor, as clever as his colleague, as gifted as the other kid or as creative as the customary

Causes of Childhood Obesity

Reasons for Childhood Obesity is an unnecessary measure of fat in the body. Stoutness happens when a person’s body gets a lot a bigger number of calories than it can consume without anyone else during the day. At the end of the day it implies that individuals eat liberal helpings of handled food; also, this food can comprise of a great deal of cholesterol, which is amazingly risky for the human body. Youth weight today has developed quickly and has gotten an upsetting scourge in numerous nations in the previous scarcely any decades. Studies show that since the mid 1970s, the level of the two youngsters and grown-ups who can be portrayed as overweight has doubled.According to a study by the Public Health Agency of Canada in 2007, self-announced rates among kids from age 12 to 17 of corpulence were 2. 9% for young ladies and 6. 8% for young men. It is fascinating that youngsters who have issues with weight are bound to become overweight grown-ups. In an examination by Lauren Mar cus and Amanda Baron (n. d. ) it was discovered that weight starts in adolescence for 30 persent corpulent grown-ups. Sientists give numerous explanations behind heftiness, however the fundamental three reasons for youth weight are hereditary qualities, absence of movement, and kids sustenance at school and at home.Muscular System: Muscle MetabolismIt is demonstrated by researchers that hereditary qualities assumes a significant job of people. Despite a reality that youth weight turned into an issue as of late, the researcher as of now have proof that youth heftiness is in any event halfway brought about by hereditary qualities. Studies demonstrate that some ethnic gatherings have more essentials to be corpulent or are all the more exposed to stoutness related disarranges; in addition, a high weight list could be related with certain qualities (Denis Daneman and Jill Hamilton, 2010). Many individuals accept that a kid has a 50 percent opportunity to be fat, on the off chance that th e person has one overweight parent.When a youngster has the two guardians who are hefty, there is a 80 percent or less possibility of being large. Most likely, qualities influence how a person’s body stores fat and how it is appropriates through the body. Moreover, hereditary qualities assumes a significant job in how soundly the body consumes got calories during the day and consumes calories during works out, and furthermore how viably the body produces vitality from food. Despite the fact that a youngster is hereditarily foreordained to corpulence, practices and an eating regimen both in families and in schools are the primary driver to pick up weight.Lack of movement is another reason for youth heftiness. It is demonstrated that every day investment in school physical training contributes beneficial outcome to physical turn of events, and manufactures a solid muscle framework for what's to come. On the off chance that a youngster isn't dynamic during the day, his body canà ¢â‚¬â„¢t consume the same number of calories as it needs to consume, and thus, from year to year a kid puts on more weight. Specialists Trembley and Willms in 2003 contended that â€Å"Automated work sparing gadgets and modest and pervasive access to calorie-thick food make a domain helpful for obesity.Excessive TV viewing and computer game use have been recognized as a boost for exorbitant eating and stationary behavior†. As indicated by the examination of Tremblay and Willmas a danger of being overweight is around 17 to 44 percent, and 10 †61 percent of being hefty is a result of staring at the TV and playing computer games (on the same page). It is essential for youngsters to have and take part in the dynamic life; in any case that calories got from a lousy nourishment before the TV couldn’t be consume appropriately by the body.That is the reason a child’s stationary way of life fills in as a door to the youth stoutness. Youth diet at home and at school is the most significant reason for youth stoutness. In any case, the individuals from the family share their qualities, yet in addition an eating routine propensities that contribute a great deal to youth stoutness in a family. Offspring of any age go through portion of their day in a school; along these lines, school food is a significant piece of children’s diet. It's anything but a major mystery that the food which kids eat each day at school is quick food.Furtheremore, everyone realizes inexpensive food is exceptionally handled, and unfortunate in the entirety of its structures, so what youngsters receieve is food made of off-the-rack parts, says Jamie Oliver (2010). A simillar circumstance at home, from the outset it is so helpful for guardians to make buys at general stores, purchase a half-completed items and invested less energy in cooking. By the by, that food as a rule doesn't contain any supplements; therefore the children’s body doesn’t get every sin gle valuable nutrient to grow appropriately, so the digestion can’t work at its full limit or consume calories as well.It has been contended by Michael Wieting (2007) that large youngsters drink significantly more sweet beverages and eat more fries, potato chips, meat substitutes with ketchup and mayonnaise, and eat white bread. These all add to the higher calories, sugar, and fat admission. At long last, unmistakably youth corpulence can be brought about by three principle reasons, for example, hereditary qualities, absence of movement, and sustenance at school and at home. Hereditary qualities could impact how the body adapts to calories, however in the event that a child’s guardians don’t take care over their progeny’s diet oth at school and at home, and furthermore don’t arrange child’s movement, the person may put on weight effectively in a next to no time. Not just guardians need to take care about their youngsters, likewise everyone o ught to recall that youth weight is turning into a risky scourge in numerous nations, and everybody’s task is to forestall stoutness, since kids are our future. Book reference Daneman, D. , and Hamilton, J. (2010). Causes and results of youth weight. Recovered from http://www. aboutkidshealth. an/En/News/Columns/PaediatriciansCorner/Pages/Causes-and-results of-adolescence heftiness. aspx Michael, W. (2008). Circumstances and logical results in Childhood Obesity: Solutions for a National Epidemic. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 108(10)), 545-552. Recovered from http://www. jaoa. organization/content/108/10/545. full Marcus, L. , and Baron, A. (n. d. ). Youth Obesity: The Effects on Physical and Mental Health. Recovered from http://www. aboutourkids. organization/articles/childhood_obesity_effects_physical_mental_health Oliver, J. (2010).Jamie Oliver's TED Prize wish: Teach each youngster about food [Video File]. Recovered from http://www. ted. com/talks/j amie_oliver. html Pulic Health Agency of Canada. (2009). Corpulence in Canada †Snapshot. Recovered from http://www. phac-aspc. gc. ca/publicat/2009/oc/pdf/oc-eng. pdf Tremblay, M. S. , ; Willmas, J. D. (2003). Is the Canadian youth heftiness pestilence identified with physical inertia? (Vol. 27, pp. 1100-1105). Recovered from http://chaausa. nonprofitoffice. com/vertical/Sites/%7B0635C236-197E-47C6-8FBB-A80A08D4715B%7D/transfers/%7BB25D71A3-6FC3-4315-A19C-B8B476011EB2%7D. PDF

Technology and Privacy

Technology and Privacy Technology and Privacy Home›Technology Posts›Technology and Privacy Technology PostsAccording to Berg (2004), health information technology and the exchange of health information can help ameliorate both the efficiency and quality of health care, and can as well empower consumers to participate greatly regarding their own care. Both at the state and federal levels, the policy makers are making efforts to ensure that health care system has been computerized. However, the computerized technology in the field of health care poses a number of risks to the privacy of information regarding the status of health service consumers. There is a widespread misinterpretation and confusion regarding the aim of health privacy laws in the present time. Some of the privacy laws are attempting to address the privacy issues of the public and this requires a thoughtful, flexible, and comprehensive approach in order for issues to be resolved fully (Berg, 2004). According to Barnet Bedau (2011), the re are two opposite perspectives regarding the health information technology and privacy of the health consumer information. From some perspectives, privacy can be considered as an obstacle to attaining the improvements in health care due increased use of health information technology, while from other perspectives the enhanced security and privacy in the health information technology will strengthen consumer confidence and trust and spur increased rates of adopting the health information technology as the potential benefits will be realized.It has been found that Americans are cognizant of both the risks and the benefits of health information technology regarding the privacy of consumers’ information. A large number of citizens want computerized access to personal health information for themselves as well as for health care providers. This is because they strongly believe that the computerized access to personal health information can enhance better quality of health care (Smedle y Syme, 2000). Other individuals have significant issues regarding the privacy of personal medical records which is contrary to the allowed computerized access to personal health information. For these individuals, the privacy of personal health information can avoid the following: fraud or identity theft; using the personal medical information for marketing purposes; employers accessing personal health information; and the insurers getting access to contributors’ personal health information. Therefore, suitable protections to privacy must be integrated in the health information technology policies and systems. It is usually very difficult to lay down effective protections to privacy retroactively, as well as to restore the greatly undermined public trust. Protection of privacy has been found important because it avoids harm as well as ensures reliable and accurate information on which a lively health care depends (Yee, 2006).Lack of appropriate security and privacy protections w ithin the health care system, consumers will develop behaviors that they believe can enhance privacy so that their health information is not used in an inappropriate way (Yee, 2006). When individuals, become aware that the privacy of their health information will not be protected, they hold back information from the concerned health providers so that to avoid their medical data from being disclosed. Those individuals who are classified as ethnic and racial minorities report increased levels of the privacy issues regarding their medical records and have a higher likelihood of practicing the behaviors that can protect the privacy of the personal health information (Berg, 2004). The behaviors such as paying out-of-pocket for one’s own care, frequent switching of doctors, asking doctors to manipulate a diagnosis, or avoiding seeking medical care, are meant to protect the privacy of health information, which can in turn shield individuals from discrimination or stigmatization (Yee, 200 6). The consequences of such behaviors include: reduced quality of health care; impaired accuracy of the diagnosis and treatment of infections; escalation of treatment costs; undermining of the public health, quality, and research initiatives because of inaccurate medical records.It has been discussed that computerized technology in the field of health care poses a number of risks to the privacy of information regarding the status of health service consumers (Berg, 2004). There are two opposite perspectives regarding the health information technology and privacy of the health consumer information. From some perspectives, privacy can be considered as an obstacle to attaining the improvements in health care due increased use of health information technology, while from other perspectives the enhanced security and privacy in the health information technology will strengthen consumer confidence and trust and spur increased rates of adopting the health information technology as the poten tial benefits will be realized (Smedley Syme, 2000). Some individuals strongly believe that the computerized access to personal health information can enhance better quality of health care. Other individuals have significant issues regarding the privacy of personal medical records which is contrary to the allowed computerized access to personal health information. The negative impacts of computerized health information on privacy outweigh its positive impacts, and therefore privacy of personal health information need to be protected.

Rwand The Rwandan Genocide - 1296 Words

The Rwandan genocide was the killing of 800,000 people in just 100 days. The Rwandan genocide took place in 1994. During this time Rwanda was a small country with a mostly agricultural economy. Although it is small it had one of the largest populations. In 1994 Rwanda was made up of three different ethnic groups. The Hutu made of 85% of the Rwandan population. The Tutsi’s made of 14% of the population and was the minority. The Twa was a small Pygmy group that made up 1% of the population (unitedhumanrights.org). The Rwandan genocide was a horrific and terrorizing event that changed the country forever because 800,000 people were murdered, people were ordered to murder others just because of their ethnic group, and other countries didn†¦show more content†¦Shortly after that, Belgium gave Rwanda their independence (history.com) The Rwandan genocide didn’t just start right after that. There was a spark that marked the beginning of the Rwandan genocide. On Apri l 6, 1994, a plan that had President Habyarimana and the president of Burundi Cyprien Ntaryamira was shot down. It has still not been concluded who shot the plane down. The Hutu’s blamed the Rwandan Patriotic Force (RPF) and the Tutsi’s blamed the Hutu’s. Soon after this, the Presidential Guard, the Rwandan armed forces, and Hutu militia groups started to slaughter all Tutsi’s. They set up roadblocks all across Rwanda so that nobody could flee or try to escape (history.com). Before any political leaders could take any action, the Hutu’s killed them. Tutsi women were raped and taken to be used as sex slaves (humanrightscouncil). The slaughter and killing from Kigali soon spread all across Rwanda. In just three months 800,000 people were killed. 3/4 Tutsi’s were murdered during the Rwandan genocide. People were killed in churches, homes, schools, and many other place (â€Å"A Good Man in Hell†). During this time, government radios and officials were telling civilians to kill. They were told to kill anyone who was Tutsi or anyone who supported the Tutsi’s. The RPF kept fighting back and by early July the RPF had claimed and got control over most of Rwanda. Then over two million Hutu’s fled the

Why Was Africa Called the Dark Continent

The most common answer to the question, â€Å"Why was Africa called the Dark Continent?† is that Europe did not know much about Africa until the 19th century. But that answer is misleading and disingenuous. Europeans had known quite a lot about Africa for at least 2,000 years, but because of powerful imperial impulses, European leaders began purposefully ignoring earlier sources of information. At the same time, the campaign against slavery and for missionary work in Africa actually intensified Europeans’ racial ideas about African people in the 1800s. They called Africa the Dark Continent, because of the mysteries and the savagery they expected to find in the interior. Exploration: Creating Blank Spaces It is true that up until the 19th century, Europeans had little direct knowledge of Africa beyond the coast, but their maps were already filled with details about the continent. African kingdoms had been trading with Middle Eastern and Asian states for over two millennia. Initially, Europeans drew on the maps and reports created by earlier traders and explorers like the famed Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta, who traveled across the Sahara and along the North and East coasts of Africa in the 1300s. During the Enlightenment, however, Europeans developed new standards and tools for mapping, and since they weren’t sure precisely where the lakes, mountains, and cities of Africa were, they began erasing them from popular maps. Many scholarly maps still had more details, but due to the new standards, the European explorers—Burton, Livingstone, Speke, and Stanley—who went to Africa were credited with (newly) discovering the mountains, rivers, and kingdoms to which African people guided them. The maps these explorers created did add to what was known, but they also helped create the myth of the Dark Continent. The phrase itself was actually popularized by the British explorer Henry M. Stanley, who with an eye to boosting sales titled one of his accounts Through the Dark Continent, and another, In Darkest Africa. However, Stanley himself recalled that before he left on his mission, he had read over 130 books on Africa.   Imperialism and Duality Imperialism was global in the hearts of western businessmen in the 19th century, but there  were subtle differences between the imperialist hunger for Africa compared to other parts of the world. Most empire building begins with the recognition of trading and commercial benefits that could be accrued. In Africas case, the continent as a whole was being annexed to fulfill three purposes: the spirit of adventure, the desire to support good work of civilizing the natives, and the hope of stamping out the slave trade. Writers such as H. Ryder Haggard, Joseph Conrad, and Rudyard Kipling fed into the romantic depiction of a place that required saving by strong men of adventure.   An explicit duality was set up for these adventurers: dark versus light and Africa versus West. The African climate was said to invite mental prostration and physical disability; the forests were seen as implacable and filled with beasts; and crocodiles lay in wait, floating in sinister silence in the great rivers. Danger, disease, and death were part of the uncharted reality and the exotic fantasy created in the minds of armchair explorers. The idea of a hostile Nature and a disease-ridden environment as tinged with evil was perpetrated by fictional accounts by Joseph Conrad and W. Somerset Maugham. Abolitionists and Missionaries By the late 1700s, British abolitionists were campaigning hard against slavery in England. They published pamphlets described the horrid brutality and inhumanity of plantation slavery. One of the most famous images showed a black man in chains asking â€Å"Am I not a man and a brother?† Once the British Empire abolished slavery in 1833, however, abolitionists turned their efforts against slavery within Africa. In the colonies, the British were also frustrated that former slaves didn’t want to keep working on plantations for very low wages. Soon the British were portraying African men not as brothers, but as lazy idlers or evil slave traders. At the same time, missionaries began traveling to Africa to bring the word of God. They expected to have their work cut out for them, but when decades later they still had few converts in many areas, they began saying that African people’s hearts were unreachable, locked in darkness. These people were different from westerners, said the missionaries, closed off from the saving light of Christianity. The Heart of Darkness Africa was seen by the explorers as an erotically and psychologically powerful place of darkness, one that could only be cured by a direct application of Christianity and, of course, capitalism. Geographer Lucy Jarosz describes this stated and unstated belief clearly: Africa was seen as a primeval, bestial, reptilian, or female entity to be tamed, enlightened, guided, opened, and pierced by white European males through western science, Christianity, civilization, commerce, and colonialism.   By the 1870s and 1880s, European traders, officials, and adventurers were going to Africa to seek their fame and fortune, and recent developments in weaponry gave these men significant power in Africa. When they abused that power—especially in the Congo—Europeans blamed the Dark Continent, rather than themselves. Africa, they said, was what supposedly brought out the savagery in man. The Myth Today Over the years, people have given lots of reasons why Africa was called the Dark Continent. Many people think it is a racist phrase but cant say why, and the common belief that the phrase just referred to Europes lack of knowledge about Africa makes it seem out-dated, but otherwise benign. Race does lie at the heart of this myth, but it is not about skin color. The myth of the Dark Continent referred to the savagery that Europeans said was endemic to Africa, and even the idea that its lands were unknown came from erasing centuries of pre-colonial history, contact, and travel across Africa. Sources Brantlinger, Patrick. Victorians and Africans: The Genealogy of the Myth of the Dark Continent. Critical Inquiry 12.1 (1985): 166–203. Print.Jarosz, Lucy. Constructing the Dark Continent: Metaphor as Geographic Representation of Africa. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 74.2 (1992): 105–15. Print.Shaw, Marion. Tennysons Dark Continent. Victorian Poetry 32.2 (1994): 157–69. Print.Shepard, Alicia.  Should NPR have apologized for Dark Continent?  NPR Ombudsman.  February 27, 2008.Stanley, Henry M. Through the Dark Continent, or The Sources of the Nile Around the Great Lakes of Equatorial Africa and Down the Livingstone River to the Atlantic Ocean London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle Rivington., 1889.Stott, Rebecca. The Dark Continent: Africa as Female Body in Haggards Adventure Fiction. Feminist Review 32.1 (1989): 69–89. Print.

Psy 270 Appendix G Free Essays

University of Phoenix Material Appendix G The DSM-IV The DSM-IV is an important tool for clinicians. It provides a standard for diagnoses to be standardized across psychology; however, the DSM-IV is not as precise for diagnosing personality disorders as some psychologists would like. Give an example of each of the following problems identified in your readings and explain how these problems could negatively affect a diagnosis. We will write a custom essay sample on Psy 270 Appendix G or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Some criteria used for reaching a diagnosis cannot be observed directly. When it comes to diagnosing patients it can be different to gather all the criteria needed during observations. Sitting face to face with a patient and getting their view on the subject is not the same thing as experiencing or watching the problem unfold first hand as something you observe outside of a study room. Because we are not able to see the problem as it unfolds first hand we are not able to receive all the accurate information, and when a client recounts the events he or she could always leave something out that would be important in the diagnoses. These cases can lead to misdiagnosing and possible worsening of the problem. An example would be how difficult it is to diagnose autism and how many children have been misdiagnoses for this very reason. 2. Personality disorders can be similar to each other. Personality disorders can be very similar to each other with their symptoms making it hard to properly diagnose personality disorders in a onetime face to face discussion. Misdiagnoses are even more likely to occur is the information is not coming from the patient first hand and is instead coming from a parent and another third party 3. People with different personalities can be given the same diagnosis People with different personalities can be given the same diagnosis if it is a general diagnoses. This occurs because individuals with differing personalities can have the same symptoms but handle them differently because they are different people. For example a narcissist could easily be diagnoses with OCD. 4. Do you think that personality disorders are true mental illnesses? Why or why not? I do think that personality disorders are true mental illnesses. Trying to talk to or be with around someone who has narcissist personality can you see for yourself that you aren’t just dealing with someone who is selfish and rude it is much more than that. And furthermore, if it wasn’t psychologist would have been able to prove that by now. How to cite Psy 270 Appendix G, Essay examples

Legal Regulatory And Political Practices of USA and UK Australia

Question: Discuss about the Legal Regulatory And Political Practices of USA and UK Australia. Answer: Pestel- Australia: Political In order to adjust with the changes made by government relating to tax and other regulations as necessitated by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), some political policies and laws are required. Every state of the country have their specific laws which makes it necessary to recognize the respective differences while operating in different states. Similar to the case of USA and UK, Australia also has a variety of legal, regulatory and political practices. The interference of the federal government have been witnessed a number of times in order to reduce the entry barriers and giving the consumers with more power in comparison with the two major supermarkets. When 20 cents discounts were being provided to the customers by Cole Express which was subsequently misleading the consumers, there was an intervention of the government. The changes introduced by government such as the $5 note resulted in significant costs for Coles due to the non- recognition of monetary value by self- checkout machines. The ban on plastic bag enforced by the South Australian Government on all Coles Departmental Stores and Supermarkets necessitated the purchase of plastic bags by the customers in case they do not carry their own environmental friendly shopping bags. This ban on plastic shopping bags was not imposed by other states in Australia. The changed government budget led to the reduction in sales due to its impact on the students. The sales number also gets impacted as a result of changes in the visa conditions for international students. The regulations of ACCC guide the Officeworks which lead to the promotion of fair trading practices and the legislations of competitive behavior. The industrial sector is monitored by the government as there are a number of rule and regulations that must be upheld by the organizations for the purpose of ensuring the safety and wellbeing of every employee. There is stability in the political government which assists in providing a desirable market for the businesses. Diverse rules and regulations are encountered by the commercial property profiles in every state. An agreement has been signed by Wespine with WA Government for the purpose of ensuring that the purchases of saw laws are only created by state owned or private pine plantations over a period of 40 year. Economic There is low unemployment rate in Australia which can further reduced with the help of increasing store openings in Australia. The interest rates and inflation rate will contribute towards the buying power of the customers. A vital role is played by trade and investment in the economy which has strong relationships with various countries for the purpose of ensuring the effective maintenance of partnerships and trade agreements. The exchange rates and taxes are considered to be important due to the import of some products Bunnings. There is no volatility in the corporate tax rate which remains steady at 30% after 2006 (The Global Economy, 2017). The goods and services in Australia suffer from fluctuating tax rates from the past 10 years which have brought uncertainty to businesses. There is a stable trend in the taxes on international trade in Australia with a maximum of 2.52% and a minimum of 1.81% in the last year (The Global Economy, 2017). A strategy has been put in place by the departmental stores for the purpose of ensuring fair wages and long-term employment opportunities. Approximately 1300 people have been employed by Kmart Automatic and Services that contributes towards the economy in reducing the unemployment rate. Increase in units sold and transactions take place with the increase in number of stores opened. The products of departmental stores are sourced internationally and locally which assist in creating overseas jobs. There is a constant change in Australian economy due to the fluctuations in energy cost, foreign investment, interest rates, employment rates and economic growth. The prices of goods and services are also affected by the economic conditions. Officeworks is capable of providing low costs to the customers by way of sourcing these goods internationally. The entrance of Amazon within the retail business has become a challenge for various retail businesses. An Initial Public Offering has been already held by Officeworks for discussing the future of Officeworks with stakeholders. Multiple businesses are operated by WesCEF in Australia which in turn provides employment to nearly 1200 people. Skill development and job opportunities are facilitated by Aboriginal Engagement and Employment Plan. Community contributions equivalent to $310,000 have been provided for ensuring the support to councils and local programs. $30,000 was donated to WA Farmers Esperance Fire Appeal for contributing to bushfire damages to businesses. Merchandise is supplied by Workwear group to large overseas organizations which have the capability of positively influencing the Australian economy. Specialized clothing to emergency and defense service are also provided by Workwear Group. Financial services for other businesses are the center of focus of Gresham Advisory Partners Limited which assists the Australian economy. Long-term relationships have been maintained by Gresham with advisors and clients present in different international and domestic locations. Overseas relations are based in US and Europe. The commitment of the organization to constructing sawmill is ensured by the agreement of Wespine with WA Government that have the capability of increasing sales and positively impacting economies of scale. Socio- Cultural The growth in Australian population has led to the increased demand for household goods. (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2017). Increased demand for fat free foods and gluten-free foods has led to the requirement of adjustment in shelving within aisle for catering the shifting demand within business units that are responsible for selling food products. Bunning made sustainability commitments by introducing campaigns and offering financial assistance. This includes garden workshops, project assistance and sausage sizzles and makeovers. Priority is given to training and development programs for ensuring strong culture within organization and safe working environment for employees. Departmental stores such as Room to Read and Salaam Baalak are heavily invested by various community organizations overseas which focus on assisting children and families at the times of need. Officeworks participates in school activities and charities that focus on the significance of environment and recyclable cartridges. Importance is given to the health and safety of individuals which is reflected from the annual report by the reduced number of injuries in workplace. Leadership roles and team diversity are equally offered to women in the organizations along with providing indigenous employment programs for increasing opportunities. Safety of individuals is the focus of WesCEF within the workplace through their Safe Person, Safe Process, Safe Place programs, which concentrates on business responsibilities, leadership and support and involvement in environmental activities. Contributions are made by WesCEF to sponsors, community organizations, sporting clubs and local colleagues. WesCEF has sponsored STEM (science technology, engineering, mathematics) project which is a big community investment. Councils and local programs are supported by the community contributions worth $310,000. $30,000 was donated to WA Farmers Esperance Fire Appeal for contributing to bushfire damages to businesses. Merchandise is supplied by Workwear group to large overseas organizations which have the capability of positively influencing the Australian economy. Specialized clothing to emergency and defense service are also provided by Workwear Group. Success of the business is due to its employees for which their safety is important. The improved safety standards have led to reduced injuries in the annual reports of Wesrfarmers. Active involvement of Gresham Advisory Partners Limited along with its employees has been witnessed in foundations, charities and community activities. Disaster relief is addressed by Gresham nationally and overseas. Technology The combination of digital and retail formats is allowed by business units into one which allows the organization to target larger market which in turn will also provide the customers with online shopping platform. Regular servicing, updating and maintaining is required by equipment that are utilized which includes self- checkout machines, computer units and testing systems. Performance of the business is impacted by the instant communication between consumers and business through social media. Online shopping experience is provided to the customers by Coles which has changed the way in which goods are provided and delivered to the customers. Various electronic products and devices are offered by Bunnings which is important to the existing revenue. The Automatic Technology (ATA) performs its work with DD Technologies for producing a system with the help of which remote access is provided to the garbage gates and doors. Sales can be improved through technological advances in products and equipment. The relationship of Bunning will get influenced with suppliers, employees and customers by technological innovation as it will improve transactions and communications. IMB POWER 7 Technology has been implemented by Bunnings in 2011 for sustaining the expansion and growth in other countries. It will facilitate the communication of Bunning in an effective manner with UK, Ireland and New Zealand at any time. The benefits of technology to business have been identified with Bunning and therefore it has committed to invest in IT infrastructure for ensuring its competitive advantage. RFID card systems have been introduced for all stores which assist in eradicating long queues. Website has been launched by Officeworks which allows the customers to purchase the products online resulting in high inventory turnover. A dedicated IT team has been installed by Officeworks that ensured functional security across platforms. Constant maintenance and updates are required for construction building by Wespines machinery. For ensuring smooth production, regular maintenance of machinery and equipment is required for completing mining tasks. Environment Certain practices have been listed by Australian Government within retail industry such as process for waste management, use of plastic bags, sustainability reporting and recycling (department of industry and innovation). Environmental impacts are managed by Bunnings within its business operations. Energy usage levels are reduced by Coles at specific petrol stations, supermarkets and stores for contributing to sustainable environment. This includes changed refrigeration type for reducing energy, solar panels usage and use of LED lights. The reduction in transportation trucks assist in contributing cleaner air. There is very limited impact of the products of Departmental Stores on the environment. Better Together program focuses on environment, people and working conditions. Global environmental danger is contributed by internationally sourced products and air pollution is contributed by transportation of goods. Commitments relating to reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and improvement in energy efficiency are essential for Officeworks. Recyclable cartridges collection works alongside with Planet Ark and department of industry and innovation. BringITback program works alongside recycling collection of computer equipment. carbon intensity of products and waste recycled percentage is decreased by the recycling programs. Programs lead to the identification of waste reduction and recycling importance by the team leaders in the organization. Energy monitoring systems installation and implementation of LED lights in stores has contributed towards the environment. Officeworks make the use of paper products that are 100 percent recyclable. Chemical production is not sustainable for environment. Wellbeing and health of the individuals are affected by all chemicals as they are toxic and harmful. For screening and decking of products, the manufacturing of wood-plastic composite material is emphasized as they are environmental friendly. Wood- plastic is better substitute of timber. Pine is created by Wespine which is environmental friendly while producing timber for constructing building. Sustainable business is operated by BWP Trust. Itsmanagement and ownership of commercial properties have low impact on the environment such as emissions, waste, energy and materials, etc. Legal Success of an organization depends on the wellbeing and health of the individuals. The implementation of Health and Safety Standards is necessary across all stores along with the entitlement of the employees to the policies of Fairwork Australia. The change in laws relating to Tobacco and Alcohol provides that it can only be used by individuals over 18 years of age. All the stores across the world has to adjust due to the change in laws of displaying tobacco. The laws and regulations applicable to the wholesale and retail trade industry must be complied by Bunnings in electrical products, building supplies, hardware and floor coverings. Codes and safety standards are compulsory to be followed by Bunnings as regulated under The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC). The products imported by Wesfarmers are subject to licensing and permits under the Australian Business Licence and Information Service (ABLIS). Australian national Fairwork and Health and Safety laws are required to be complied by Wesfarmers for all employees. Retail and wholesale trade industry also suffers from the application of taxation rules such as GST for export and imports. Fire and Building Safety has been committed by Kmart in Bangladesh for enhancing the working conditions and empowering its workers. For items such as glues, knives and scissors, age restrictions have been implemented. Ethical sourcing audit program and group- wide ethical sourcing policy have been implemented into organizations for decreasing the risk of practices that are unethical. Regular inspections are conducted by ACCC for ensuring the implementation of Fair Trading in all businesses in Australia. Hazardous and dangerous nature of working in industrial industry necessitates the requirement of insurance for employees and organization. Extra precautions are required for the health of employees when they are surrounded by chemicals all the time. Business principles are developed by BWP Trust into their business based the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment. Business principles are classified into governance, environmental and social issues that are inserted in the policies, procedures and processes. Rules and regulations are required to be formed for leasing agreements for commercial properties according to the states in Australia. Portfolio management of Wesfarmer is focused on the diversification of its portfolio across various markets and industries along with making the identification of growth opportunities and business operations that maintains sustainability. Wesfarmers operates in various sections such as household consumables and retailing groceries. Liquor is also retailed through the chain of liquorland, 1st choice stores and Vintage Cellars. It also has convenience stores with petrol outlets through the joint venture of petrol retailer Shell and Coles Express. Coles also has section for financial services with insurance services and credit cards and operates in various hotels under the brand of Spirit Hotels (Wesfarmers Limited 2016). It is difficult to focus on all the strategies at a single time by the organization, therefore, for the purpose of achieving success, the primary target of the organization should be to provide sustained commitment to one of the strategies (Porter, 1980). According to Porters Five Forces Analysis, the strategy adopted by Coles is a combination of differentiation and cost leadership strategy. The cost leadership strategy of Coles ensures the value offered to the customers at lowest possible costs (Wesfarmers Limited 2016). Its prices have been lowered by the Down Down marketing campaign in comparison with the key brands due to the adoption of superior supply chain and activities that provide economies of scale (IBISWorld 2016). The differentiation strategy is brought by Coles through its brand image which has been developed over decades with the introduction of various products in the market. However, same products are being induced by the competitors that offer fresh food products with high quality as a result of which it is not able to gain competitive advantage. Therefore, both cost leadership and differentiation strategy has been integrated by Coles in order to provide different products at lowest possible prices. In other words, superior qual ity is offered by Coles to its customers through innovative ways at lowest costs. Merger, Acquisition And Downsize: Wesfarmers Limited- Future Strategic Merger, Acquisition or Downsize: Definitions and Recommendations Downsizing can be defined as the reduction in the operating costs of an organization by way of reducing the number of employees (Nelissen Van Selm 2008). It occurs due the reason of deficient performance or poor economic conditions. It also occurs due to high expenditures and costs suffered by the company which necessitates reducing the number of employees so that costs can be lowered and profitability can be maintained. It can also be a result of merger between two companies which requires reduction in the operating costs by reducing its employees (Edwards Patton 2012). The terms mergers and acquisitions are considered as synonyms but have different meanings. Merger takes place when two companies are combined into one entity or when one company buys another company (Bris Cabolis 2008). Acquisition always involves a purchase. The takeover of a company is also called acquisition when the existence of the acquired company comes to an end and a new owner is established (Tikhile 2014). Merger takes place between two companies which are of same size and agrees to proceed as a single newly formed company instead of operating with different owners. The manner of purchase also constitutes a difference between two legal figures. It means that hostile purchases are called acquisition and negotiations made in peaceful environment are called mergers (Betton, Eckbo Thorburn 2008). Various recommendations have been made for future downsizes acquisition or strategic merger of Wesfarmers Limited business units. The company should analyze the reasons and improvements that can be obtained from downsizing, expanding or selling. Firstly, synergy should be looked for the company which will improve the performance and reduce the costs by way of combining business activities (Kumar Bansal 2008). Secondly, merger and acquisition will provide benefit of diversification to Wesfarmers which in turn will reduce the impact of industry performance on the profitability of Wesfarmers (Arikan Stulz 2016). Thirdly, the opportunity of expanding the market share is provided by merger by purchasing the business unit of the competitor for a price. The products and customers are kept by the acquired business unit (Hoberg Philips 2010). Some business units of Wesfarmers such as Home Improvement through which great profits were obtained on 30June 2016 under Bunnings brand and Chemical s Energy and Fertilizers could obtain benefits of acquiring and merging with the distributors or suppliers. Costs can be eliminated with the help of buying them as the margins can be saved that were added to the costs by the supplier, known as vertical merger (Li, Liu Liu 2011). Some information should be taken into consideration at the time of taking the decision related to merger and acquisition. As an investor in a company, Wesfarmers should consider the benefits arising from the purchase. First step for consideration is valuation. The target company will be valued as high as possible from the sellers end and at the lowest price possible from the buyers end. Therefore, knowledge regarding various methods should be obtained in order to make the proper assessment of the target company which includes replacement cost, comparative ratio and discounted cash (Gomes et al. 2013). Second step includes proceeding with an offer. After decision regarding merger and acquisition is taken by top managers, the starting of the deal should take place with tender offer. At this stage, it is recommended that Wesfarmers should function with investment bankers and financial advisors. The deal ends when an offer is made by both parties that satisfy both parties after negotiation of the demanded amount (Collan Kinnunen 2011). Scrutiny is also faced by some companies from regulatory bodies and this should be understood by the company. This happens in cases when big size of the companies enables them to create monopoly or a threat in the industry (Collan Kinnunen 2011). After the deal is finalized by the companies, payment is made through cash, stock or both. Advice regarding which business units should be expanded by expansion and which SBU should be downsized or sold. Coles and Industrial safety Business units: downsize The definition of downsizing provides that the reason behind the downsizing of a company include its deficient economic performance and the need for reduction of costs and maintenance of profitability. The costs and expenditure of Coles can be effectively reduced by downsizing strategy and it will affect profit of Coles. In 2016, highest revenue was earned by Coles for Wesfarmers Limited with $39,242,000 but still it was not as profitable like the other business nits such as Kmart, Home Improvement or Chemicals Energy and Fertilizers.it is surprising that the company that have made the investment of $22,122,000 on its assets can earn a profit of $1,860,000, while the profits obtained by Home Improvement is $1,214,000 with revenue of $11,571,000 and assets of $6,620,000 which imply that 10.5% profits with respect to revenue as compared to Coles that account for 4.7%. For reducing the gap between profits and revenue, Coles is advised to downsize itself. The costs and expenditures of Co les are required to be reduced that are before profit and after revenue. For increase profit and maximizing efficiency, it is advised to restructure the company. The downsizing of Coles could increase its profitability. The costs and expenditure of Industrial and Safety business units are required to be reduced due to the fact that its profit as % of revenue is low (3.4%) in comparison to other business units. Resources and Target Business units: Sell The ultimate objective of a business is to generate profit. When there is no profitability in the business and there are no hopes for making profit in the future, selling or closing the business is a best option. Two segments are there in the business units of Wesfarmers: Mineral and Metal Wholesaling in Australia and Black Coal Mining in Australia. The business unit resources suffered a loss of $310,000 on 30 June 2016 and revenue of $1,008,000 which was only 1.5% of the total revenue. Therefore, a major loss is represented by the business unit which was -30.8% as the profit as % of revenue. Moreover, there is a growth in the forecast of this business unit between 2017- 2022 equal to -7.4% which imply that resources as SBU are not going to make profits in future (IBISWorld 2016 pp. 15). Wesfarmers does not occupy the major portion of the market. Its major competitors occupy 38.9% of the market share. This and 420 other companies in the industry face a negative forecast growth rate w hich requires the development of strong strategy. Another business unit, Target, is also not making profits. In 2016, this business unit was restructured with Kmart for creating a new operational division known as Departmental stores. This was used as a strategy to incentive the performance of Target under the same strategy of Kmart which made an outstanding performance. On 30 June 2016, the revenue of Target amounted to $3,456,000 which was equivalent to 5.2% of Total Revenue. In fiscal year 2016, this business unit was ended with $195,000 loss which made profit as % of revenue to be -5.6%. Attempts are being made by Wesfarmers for making it sustainable and profitable. However, all the resources should be taken into consideration by the organization for the purpose of keeping Target alive instead of concentrating on other business units. This will assist in boosting profitability and growth of the business units. However, the results of Targets are not improving. The half year resu lts of Wesfarmers for the year 2017 provides the deficient performance of Target as its revenue was $1,623 million in December 2016 while it was $1975 million in December 2015. This implies there was negative revenue of 17.7% in 2016. These reasons suggest that the business units of Wesfarmers should be closed or sold off. However, Kmart and Home Improvement have the capability of improving its profitability with the help of acquisitions and future transactions. It is advised that Wesfarmers should sell Resources and Target which will help them in getting cash requested for acquiring business units from other organizations. Kmart and Bunnings Business units: Acquisition Home Improvement (Bunnings) and Kmart are the business units of Wesfarmers Limited that performed outstandingly well on 30 June 2016. The revenue of Home Improvement was $11,571,000 which accounted for 17.5% of the total revenue. The revenue of Kmart was 7.8% of the total revenue. Both the operational divisions concluded with profit with respect to revenue of 10.5% and 9.1%. For the year 2016, these two business units were found to be the second and third most profitable businesses. it is therefore recommended that Wesfarmers should increase its focus on these business units for the purpose of booting them. Any effort made in these businesses has the capability of leading it towards growth. Both Kmart and Bunnings are profitable but still it is recommended for Wesfarmers that the business of Bunnings should be boosted as it appears to be the most sustainable business unit. The historical growth of Bunnings was 6.8% for the operating segment Hardware and Building Supplies Retailing in Australia and the forecast growth rate amounted to 2.8%. Such rates were among the highest rates among all the operating segments. After taking into consideration the profit and revenue obtained by Bunnings through its operations along with its outstanding performance of Hardware and Building Supplies Retailing in Australia and the forecasts made relating to growth rates, diversification appears to be the most successful way of growing the business of Bunnings. This can be done with the help of acquitting other business unit from a company or corporation itself. By considering the benefit of the fact that the most important operating segment is building of suppliers, investment should be made by Bunnings in acquitting a company belonging to construction industry. The company could be in building or housing urban projects which in turn will allow the expansion and diversification of its operations to the industry of which it is a main supplier. It is the Australias third largest ind ustry and it also drives economic activity in a significant manner (Li Liu 2012). Bunnings can become the supplier of a new company by way of acquiring the company belonging to this sector. This will assist in subsequently reducing the costs of materials and will facilitate the profitability of the new company and creating a sustainable supply chain which will bring advantages to both the companies. Therefore, Bunnings should take steps for acquiring construction companies like AV Jenningsm ADCO Constructions, Burbank, BCI Australia and Cockram, etc.